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PET Patterns

Patterns are reusable designs, not recipes. Each one states when to use it, when not to use it, what can still go wrong, and which research problems remain open.

Pattern Selection

Problem Pattern Closest architecture Related research
Aggregate measurement without centralizing raw data Federated analytics MPC analytics pipeline Benchmarks needed
Cross-organization model training Cross-silo federated learning FL + secure aggregation FL research problems
Safer data-like release DP synthetic data release Synthetic data release pipeline Synthetic data research
Dataset overlap Private set intersection MPC analytics pipeline MPC research
Model inference over protected inputs Private inference HE private inference API HE research
General-purpose protected inference Confidential inference Confidential RAG TEE research
Retrieval across sensitive corpora Federated RAG Confidential RAG PET composition
Fine-tuning on sensitive data Private LLM fine-tuning FL + differential privacy DP research

Use A Pattern When

  • the use case is clear enough to name the allowed output;
  • the trust boundary is still being shaped;
  • you need a reusable design vocabulary before drawing a concrete architecture.

Move to PET Architectures when you need actors, logs, keys, deployment notes, and evaluation checks.